Zhuangzi
1. Zhuangzi’s Life and Times
Zhuangzi flourished through the latter half of the fourth century BC, roughly contemporary with Mencius and with the “linguistic turn” in the classical period that included the later Mohists and the figures historians later labeled as the School of Names (&#;&#; ming-jia). Zhuangzi demonstrates mastery of this Classical Chinese terminology of pragmatics and semantics and makes his own theoretical contributions to ancient Chinese theory of language. The traditionally recognized figures in this school included Gongsun Longzi along with Hui Shi—Zhuangzi’s close friend, perhaps mentor, his interlocutor, and occasionally his foil. Zhuangzi is followed in this mature phase of Classical linguistic thought by some chapters in the later Confucian text, The Xunzi. Though The Xunzi elsewhere targets Zhuangzi for criticism, his sections incorporating and developing this linguistic turn embellish the linguistic theory shared between the later Mohists and Zhuangzi.
Most of what we infer about Zhuangzi’s life, we draw from evidence within the Zhuangzi, although the Han biographers did speculate about his pla
Zhuangzi (Chuang-Tzu, — B.C.E.)
The Zhuangzi (also known in Wade-Giles romanization romanization as Chuang-tzu), named after “Master Zhuang” was, along with the Laozi, one of the earliest texts to contribute to the philosophy that has come to be known as Daojia, or School of the Way. According to traditional dating, Master Zhuang, to whom the first seven chapters of the text have traditionally been attributed, was an almost exact contemporary of the Confucian thinker Mencius, but we have no record of direct philosophical dialogue between them. The text is ranked among the greatest of literary and philosophical masterpieces that China has produced. Its style is complex—mythical, poetic, narrative, humorous, indirect, and polysemic.
Much of the text espouses a holistic philosophy of life, encouraging disengagement from the artificialities of socialization, and cultivation of our natural “ancestral” potencies and skills, in order to live a simple and natural, but full and flourishing life. It is critical of our ordinary categorizations and evaluations, noting the multiplicity of different modes of understanding between different creatures, cultures, and philosophical sch
Zhuang Zhou facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Zhuangzi (莊子) | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. BC |
| Died | c. BC (aged c. 82 – 83) |
Notable work | Zhuangzi |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | Eastern philosophy |
| School | |
Zhuang Zhou, commonly known as Zhuangzi ( Chinese: 莊子; literally "Master Zhuang"; also rendered in the Wade–Giles romanization as Chuang Tzu), was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States period, a period of great development in Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought. He is credited with writing—in part or in whole—a work known by his name, the Zhuangzi, which is one of the foundational texts of Taoism.
Life
See also: Zhuangzi (book) § History
The only account of the life of Zhuangzi is a brief sketch in chapter 63 of Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, and most of the information it contains seems to have simply been drawn from anecdotes in the Zhuangzi itself. In Sima's biography, he is described as a minor official from the town of Meng (in modern Anhui) in the state of Song, living in the time of King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi (late f
The ancient Daoist philosopher, Chuang Tzu, was one of the most brilliantly witty thinkers of his day, and his work still is influential. He was born during the 4th century BCE, in the state of Meng (modern Honan). He was a contemporary of the Confucian scholar, Mencius.
As a Daoist, Chuang Tzu believed the proper way to live was through non-action, or more simply, living without an intention in mind. When humans do not forge their own paths, they follow the way already laid out by the Dao (the divine Way). His vision of a perfect government incorporated the same idea: he suggests the government should take minimal action and let things develop naturally.
Chuang Tzu expanded on, and clarified, the ideas of Laozi (Lao Tzu), the founder of Daoism (also spelled Taoism). He made more spiritual connections to the Dao and composed further descriptions. He further emphasized that everything in existence contained a reflection of the entire Dao, and the best way to respect the Dao was to allow everything in existence to live as the unconscious Dao set it to live, and for as many years as the Dao allotted. Chuang Tzu used metaphors of family to convince his readers of why th
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