Herbert Spencer (—)
British philosopher and sociologist, Herbert Spencer was a major figure in the intellectual life of the Victorian era. He was one of the principal proponents of evolutionary theory in the mid nineteenth century, and his reputation at the time rivaled that of Charles Darwin. Spencer was initially best known for developing and applying evolutionary theory to philosophy, psychology and the study of society &#; what he called his &#;synthetic philosophy&#; (see his A System of Synthetic Philosophy, ). Today, however, he is usually remembered in philosophical circles for his political thought, primarily for his defense of natural rights and for criticisms of utilitarian positivism, and his views have been invoked by &#;libertarian&#; thinkers such as Robert Nozick.
Table of Contents
- Life
- Method
- Human Nature
- Religion
- Moral Philosophy
- Political Philosophy
- Assessment
- References and Further Reading
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
1. Life
Spencer was born in Derby, England on 27 April , the eldest of nine children, but the only one to survive infancy. He was the product of an undisciplined, largely informal education. His father, G
Herbert Spencer – Biography, Works, Contributions
Herbert Spencer was born in on 27th April in England. he was social philosophers. He is also known as the British Aristotle and also said to be second founding father of Sociology. Herbert was a man of unique and freethinking. He has explored and contributed to many knowledgeable fields such as psychology, philosophy, biology, and sociology. He is said to continue the work of Comte’s evolutionary approach. He authored many books as listed below:
- Social statics
- First Principles
- The study of Sociology
- The principles of sociology divided into three volumes.
- The man versus the state
Herbert Spencer Organic Analogy
Organic Analogy was one of his important work it was also shared with Comte and Durkheim. In this, he has seen society as an organism. He has taken this concept from Biology.
Spencer was more concerned with the structure of the society, the interdependence of different parts of society and functions of each part in the societal system. He displayed a comparison between a living organism and society keeping in mind the following points:
- Just like living organism society also grows. We can see growth and
Herbert Spencer: Biography and Work
5 minutes
Herbert Spencer is the father of social Darwinism. Learn more about the life and work of this controversial author in this article!
Last update: 29 June,
Herbert Spencer was one of the biggest thinkers of his time. This English philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, and natural law expert was the greatest leader of social Darwinism and positivism of his time.
In fact, he applied evolutionist laws to philosophy and society. But his Darwinian ideas justified the dominance of certain people over the rest, as well as the supremacy of one human race over the other races.
These ideas were well-received in the Western world during the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. His work’s success proves it. Spencer even managed to catch the attention of many thinkers from very different areas.
Some authors were open to debating his ideas. Big names such as Émile Durkheim, George Edward Moore, or Thomas Hill Green were frequently associated with Spencer. Without a doubt, he was a very prolific and controversial figure.
Biography of Herbert Spencer
First years and education
Herbert Spencer was born
Spencer, Herbert
WORKS BY SPENCER
SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY
Herbert Spencer (), the English philosopher-scientist, was a leading figure in the intellectual revolution of the nineteenth century. Although largely ignored today, Spencer in his own time was enormously influential and played a significant role in the development of biology, psychology, sociology, and anthropology.
He dealt with the evolution of phenomena of all classes, from the inorganic to the superorganic. For the various social sciences, the primary significance of Spencer is that he was among the first to affirm that human society can be studied scientifically and to do so from an evolutionary point of view. With E. B. Tylor and Lewis H. Morgan, Spencer ranks among the three great cultural evolutionists of the nineteenth century.
Spencer was born in Derby in the English Midlands. He came from a family of staunch Dissenters, and the influence of this background is evident in his writings on ethics and political theory. He was educated at home by his father and later by an uncle who wanted him to attend Cambridge. Spencer declined, however, feeling himself unfit for a university career.
From an early age S
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