Spartacus Educational
Primary Sources
(1) John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of Children ()
Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous. Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed and bent-backed like old men. When a boy has been working for some time and begins to get round-shouldered, his fellows say that "He's got his boy to carry around whenever he goes."
The coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the foundations for asthma and miners' consumption.
I once stood in a breaker for half an hour and tried to do the work a twelve-year-old boy was doing day after day, for ten hours at a stretch, for sixty cents a day. The gloom of the b
Muckrakers
Muckrakers for kids: The Main Goal of the Muckrakers
The main goal of the Muckrakers was to raise awareness of social injustices, inequality, corruption and the abuse of political power in order to bring about reform. For additional facts refer to the article detailing Progressive Reforms at city, state and federal levels.Problems exposed by Muckrakers
The problems exposed by Muckrakers included:&#; Child Labor
&#; Poor education and Illiteracy
&#; The effects of alcohol abuse and the rise in crime and
&#; The rights of women and the fight for Women's suffrage
&#; The bribery and corruption of politicians and the political machines
&#; The rights of workers and their working conditions
&#; The negative effects of Urbanization and the squalid living conditions of the poor in the towns and cities
&#; The ruthless Robber Barons and the unethical practices of Big Business and CorporationsFamous Muckrakers
The names of the most famous Muckrakers and the problems they exposed are detailed in t
John Spargo
The Progressive Era marked a change in many different aspects of American Society that had become normalized since the industrial revolution. John Spargo was born on January 31, in Cornwal England. Spargo was self-taught and was enrolled in two courses provided by the Oxford Extension Program from to In he worked with his father: Thomas Spargo, on the Barry Docks South in Wales as a Stonemason (person who creates buildings or structures from stones).
By he had created the first local Hyndman&#;s Social Democratic Federation (SDF) assuming membership role of the National Executive Committee , he was part of the Barry Trades and Labor Council while becoming editor of the Barry Herald. John Spargo and his wife Prudence Spargo arrived in America in He joined the Socialist labor party (SLP) and took on the roe of editor in the Socialist Magazine the Comrade. The New York SLP joined with the Social Democratic Party of American in order to create the Socialist Party of America (SPA). He helped create the Rand School of Social Science and was the co-founder of&nb
Who is John Spargo?
()
John Spargo became a muckraker to help the devastating problems faced with child labor laws. He wanted to find a solution to stop child labor laws from being inhumane because all the employers wanted was the profit. Employers did not care about their workers and in what conditions they were working in. John Spargo wrote a series of compassionate, well-researched books, The Bitter Cry of the Children (), Underfed School Children (), and The Common Sense of the Milk Question (). Both concerned child slavery in British and American factories and arguing for the state-funded feeding of underprivileged children on the grounds that it was pointless attempting to teach children distracted by hunger, a concept that very successfully came into fruition in America during WWII.
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