Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph
Urbain Le Verrier: The Man Who Found Neptune, But Fought with the Stars
Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, born in , stands as a pivotal figure in the history of astronomy, famed for his contribution to the discovery of Neptune, the eighth planet in our solar system. Yet, his life and career were marked by a complex mix of brilliance, eccentricity, and conflict.
Le Verrier's journey began with meticulous calculations. Studying the observed irregularities in Uranus' orbit, he concluded that these deviations were caused by the gravitational pull of an unknown, unseen planet. Using intricate mathematical models, he pinpointed the location of this theoretical planet, setting the stage for its discovery by the German astronomer Johann Galle in This achievement solidified Le Verrier's reputation and cemented his place among the giants of astronomy.
Beyond Neptune, Le Verrier's expertise spanned numerous celestial realms. He was a recognized authority on meteor showers, meticulously calculating the orbit of the Leonids in His contributions extended to solar and planetary theory, where he delved into the intricate workings of our solar system.
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Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (French pronunciation: [yʁbɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ ʒɔzɛf lə vɛʁje]) (11 March – 23 September ) was a French mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for his part in the discovery of Neptune.
Urbain Le Verrier
Biography
Early years
Le Verrier was born at Saint-Lô, Manche, France, and studied at École Polytechnique. He briefly studied chemistry under Gay-Lussac, writing papers on the combinations of phosphorus and hydrogen, and phosphorus and oxygen.[1] He then switched to astronomy, particularly celestial mechanics, and accepted a job at the Paris Observatory. He there spent most of his professional life, and eventually became that institution's Director, from to and again from to [2]
In , Le Verrier became a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and in , he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Le Verrier's name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.
Career
Early work
LeVerrier's first work in astronomy was presented to the Académie des Sciences in September , entitled Sur les variations séculaires des orbites des planètes (On the Secular Variations of the O
Scientist of the Day - Urbain Le Verrier
Urbain Le Verrier, a French astronomer, was born Mar. 11, His fame today rests primarily on his successful prediction of the location on an eighth solar planet, now called Neptune. The seventh planet, Uranus, had been discovered telescopically in by William Herschel. Over the next 50 years, as astronomers made new observations of Uranus and recovered some earlier unacknowledged sightings, they were able to work out its orbit with some precision, and it came to be realized that Uranus was not behaving as it should, if Newtonian mechanics were to be trusted. Up until , Uranus moved a little faster than it should, and after that, it appeared to be moving too slow.
The Library’s two Le Verrier publications on planetary perturbations, ; see the captions to images three and four for the full titles (Linda Hall Library)
Several astronomers realized that the “perturbations” of Uranus, as the irregularities were called, might be the result of an unknown eighth planet, further out, that was exerting a force on Uranus. But hardly anyone thought that one could reverse-calculate the mass and location of a perturbing planet based just
Urban Jean Joseph Le Verrier discovered the planet Neptune with a mere stroke of his pen and many scribbles mostly based on the laws of gravity theorized by Isaac Newton. Urban Le Verrier, a French mathematician found himself shifting his interest from chemistry to the study of astronomy, particularly the science of celestial mechanics. He was born at Saint-lô, Manche, France and received his degree at Ecole Polytechnique, which is today recognized as a state-run institution of higher education and research. He studied for a brief time under the mentorship of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, a famous French chemist and physicist.
His most profound discovery was, through mathematical equations and astronomical observations, that of the planet Uranus. Neptune, a then undiscovered astronomical body, is known as the 4th largest planet by diameter, a blue planet named after the roman god of the sea. He immersed himself into a substantial discovery with complex calculations to explain the discrepancies between Uranus' orbit and the one predicted by the laws of gravity by Sir Isaac Newton. He disclosed this prediction to the public on August 31,
There was a dispute over the claiming of t
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